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Background The mining of non-coal underground mines may come into contact with various types of dust, such as lead, zinc, copper, and non-metallic minerals. Dust of various kinds commonly exists in all aspects of mining and selection, and is one of the main occupational hazard groups in non-coal underground mines. Objective To compare the application of two risk assessment methods in the occupational health risk assessment of productive dust in non-coal underground mines, and to provide a reference for the selection of dust hazard health risk assessment methods and the management of dust hazards in non-coal mines. Methods A field investigation of the dust hazards of three typical non-coal underground mining enterprises (lead-zinc mines, copper mines, and fluorite mines) was carried out, and the comprehensive index method and the occupational health risk assessment method from the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) were used to perform risk assessments. The comprehensiveindex method considers the following factors: dust monitoring data, the aerodynamic diameter of dust, hazard control measures, occupational health management, daily usage, and daily exposure time to determine exposure levels. The ICMM method determines the risk level based on the consequences caused by dust, exposure probability, exposure time, and uncertainty coefficient. Kendall consistency test was used to compare agreement between the results generated by the two methods. Results The results generated by the comprehensive index method were as follows: level 3 (medium risk) or level 4 (high risk) for silica dust or lead dust; level 1 (negligible risk) or level 2 (low risk) for other dust (dust with free SiO2 content<10% and containing lead, zinc, and copper, using other dust limit values for comparison), fluorspar mixed dust, fluorine and its compounds, zinc oxide, and copper dust. The risk levels graded by the ICMM method were as follows: level 4 (very high risk) and level 3 (high risk) for exposure to silica dust and lead dust, respectively, and level 1 (tolerable risk) or level 2 (potential risk) for exposure to other dust (dust with free SiO2 content <10% and containing lead, zinc, and copper, using other dust limit values for comparison), fluorspar mixed dust, fluorine and its compounds, zinc oxide, and copper dust. The consistency level between the results graded by the two methods was very high (Kendall W coefficient=0.974, P < 0.05). Conclusion For the occupational health risk assessment of productive dust in non-coal underground mines, the consistency level of risk assessment results between the ICMM method and the comprehensive index method is very high. The ICMM method is more convenient to operate and should be preferred in assessing health risks of dust hazard in non-coal underground mines.
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Objective: To analyze the occurrence and risk factors of various occupational hazard incidents in China's power grid enterprises. Methods: A total of 4 191 workers from eight power grid enterprises in Jilin Province, Shandong Province, and Chongqing City were selected using a convenience sampling method. Their exposure in workplace and the occurrence of various occupational hazard incidents from 2018 to 2020 were investigated. Results: Among the participants, 71.7% were engaged in outdoor operations. The incidence rates of occupational hazard emergency, ranking from high to low, were electric ophthalmia, acute mountain sickness, heatstroke, electro-flash dermatitis, sunburn, cold injury, solar ophthalmia, and gas poisoning in confined space, with the rate of 42.3%, 42.3%, 38.1%, 24.3%, 17.4%, 16.5%, 10.0%, and 1.3%, respectively (P<0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that workers in Jilin Province had a higher risk of cold injury compared to those in Shandong Province and Chongqing City (all P<0.01). Workers in Chongqing City had a higher risk of solar ophthalmia than those in Jilin Province (P<0.01). Workers in inspection and maintenance positions had a higher risk of heatstroke and sunburn compared to those in substation positions (all P<0.05). Power grid workers with protective systems in enterprises had a lower risk of sunburn and solar ophthalmia compared to those without protective systems (all P<0.01). The risks of sunburn and solar ophthalmia among power grid workers increased with age and daily outdoor working time (all P<0.05). Taking protective measures was a protective factor against heatstroke and cold injury (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Power grid workers face the risk of various occupational hazard incidents. Relevant organizations should conduct targeted preventive measures based on regional and worker characteristics, and ensure the implementation of protective systems in different work environments.
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At present, there are disadvantages with the detection for occupational hazard factors, such as insufficient monitoring data, poor timeliness, weak representativeness, long detection cycles, and inability to continuously monitor. Taking advantages of internet of things technology, an online monitoring platform for occupational hazard factors has been designed. The platform collects the concentration (intensity) of hazard factors through sensors, transmits the occupational hazards data collected online in realtime. The online monitoring cloud center for occupational hazard factors processes and analyzes online monitoring data in realtime, stores the hazard factors data to form database management, and provides user application services to form an intelligent online monitoring service model for occupational hazard factors. Based on the online monitoring platform of occupational hazard factors, multi-level government health supervision departments and employers can grasp the status of hazard factors in real time, which is conducive to improving the level of occupational hazard supervision.
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Internet of Things , InternetABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the status of noise hazard in workplace of key industries in Guangdong Province. Methods: A total of 1 061 enterprises from 14 key industries in 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using stratified sampling method. The occupational health survey was carried out, and the noise intensity in the workplace was detected. Results: There were 12 606 workplaces and 5 570 work sites involved among 1 061 enterprises. The median and the 0-100th percentile value ［M (P0-P100)］ of noise intensity in workplace were 82.6 (46.5-112.6) dB(A), and 35.03% of the workplace exceeded the national noise intensity standard. The regions and industry with the highest rate of noise exceeded the national noise intensity standard in workplace were in the northern part of Guangdong and the stone processing industry respectively. The M (P0-P100) of noise intensity in the work sites was 83.7 (47.5-106.2) dB(A), and 36.00% of the work sites exceeded the national noise intensity standard. The regions and industry with the highest rate of noise exceeded the national noise intensity standard in work sites were in the Pearl River Delta region and the ferrous metal mining and dressing industry respectively. The rate of noise protection facilities setting was 66.45%, and the validity of personal protection was 61.73%. The occupational medical examination was performed in 73.24% of the research subjects, and 3.25% of the result was abnormal. The industry with the highest occupational medical examination rate was nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, and the industry with the highest abnormal rate of occupational medical examination was stone processing industry. Conclusion: Noise hazards in workplaces of key industries in Guangdong Province are relatively severe, necessitating strengthened supervision and management, noise control measures, and efforts to reduce noise exposure levels in workplaces and work sites.
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Background: Human in close inhabitation with the cattle due to unventilated or inadequately ventilated establishments or inadequate living space, is always at a risk of sustaining infection from the cattle through different modes of disease transmission. This study hints at the increased incidences in respiratory infections among dairy workers in unorganized and small scale dairy farms due to amendable unhygienic practices. Methods: This survey was part of a larger study, conducted after ethics approval. Number of households involved in dairy work surveyed were 60. From every house, two members actively involved in dairy work were chosen and total respondents were 120. The study tool was a semi structured, mixed questionnaire. Results: 67.5% dairy workers self-reported occurrence of respiratory symptoms which included the complaints like cough,breathing difficulty on exertion. None of the dairy workers were vaccinated against any milk borne disease.Conclusion: The housing, civic amenities accessed by them and their awareness are probably the main reasons for wide variety of self perpetuated practices and deviations of standard requirement.Use of protective gear (gloves,caps,masks) should be strictly emphasized and popularized.
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@# Objective To investigate the prevalence of the occupational hazard of organic solvent and noise in printing and Methods record medium production enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City. A total of 56 printing and record medium production enterprises were selected as the study subjects by judgmental sampling method to analyze the worksite Results survey of occupational health and the key occupational hazard factors. There were 256 organic solvent samples ， detected in 56 enterprises which included a total of 148 terms and 1 358 categories of volatile constituents. The top three （ ）， - （ ） （ ） volatile constituents were toluene 35.5% n hexane 25.7% and methanol 23.8% . The top three detected samples of the （ ， ， ， ， - ， ，- ， eight key chemical occupational hazard factors benzene toluene xylene ethylbenzene n hexane 1 2 dichloroethane ） ， - ， trichloroethylene and chloroform were toluene n hexane and ethylbenzene. In the workplace air toluene was the most risk ， factor of occupational hazard factors in enterprise and in sample detection while no trichloromethane was detected. The toluene in workplace air was found to exceed the national standard with the rate of 2.6%. It showed that 27.9% of the work sites were found occupational noise hazard which was over national standard in the 10 key work sites. Only 64.3% and 57.1% enterprises - performed occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health examination. Both none or invalid toxicant proof - facilities accounted for 33.9% of the enterprises. Both none or invalid noise proof facilities accounted for 78.6% of the Conclusion ， - enterprises. The occupational hazards factor of toluene n hexane and noise were serious in printing and record ， medium production enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City and the occupational health management was imperfect. The occupational regulation should be enhanced in this industry.
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@#Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards and prevention and control of occupational ， - Methods ， diseases in micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1 034 micro - small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province were selected as the research subjects using a stratified cluster sampling method. The exposure of occupational hazards and the implementation of occupational hazards prevention and Results ， control measures were investigated. Among the 1 034 enterprises the small and micro enterprises accounted for ， 91.5%. The enterprises with serious occupational hazards were mainly concentrated in metallurgy building materials industry ， and machinery equipment and electrical appliance manufacturing industry. The exposure rate of occupational hazard factors in ， ， （ vs the categories of occupational hazard factors from high to low was physical factors dust and chemical factors 78.9% 52.8% vs ，P ） （ ）， ， 25.0% <0.01 . The exposure rate from high to low was metallurgy and building materials industry 60.8% machinery （ ）， ， equipment and electrical equipment manufacturing industry 42.9% light industry textile and tobacco processing industry （ ）， ， （ ）（P ） 32.0% chemical petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry 21.0% <0.01 . Noise exposure accounted for 98.3% in the workers exposed to physical factors. The implementation rate of prevention and control measures for occupational hazards ， in enterprises from high to low was the staffing of occupational health management personnel the establishment of ， ， occupational health management institutions the establishment of occupational health management systems the detection ， ， of occupational hazards the evaluation of the control effect of occupational hazards of construction projects and the - （ vs vs vs vs vs ，P ） pre evaluation of occupational hazards of construction projects 32.5% 25.7% 23.7% 16.2% 6.9% 4.2% <0.01 . Conclusion The focus of prevention and control of occupational hazards in manufacturing industry in Jiangxi Province is noise ， - and dust in small and micro metallurgy and building materials industry. Most of the micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises have not carried out the detection of occupational hazards and evaluation of occupational hazards in accordance with the law. The situation of occupational disease prevention and control is still challenging.
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@#Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards and prevention and control of occupational ， - Methods ， diseases in micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1 034 micro - small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province were selected as the research subjects using a stratified cluster sampling method. The exposure of occupational hazards and the implementation of occupational hazards prevention and Results ， control measures were investigated. Among the 1 034 enterprises the small and micro enterprises accounted for ， 91.5%. The enterprises with serious occupational hazards were mainly concentrated in metallurgy building materials industry ， and machinery equipment and electrical appliance manufacturing industry. The exposure rate of occupational hazard factors in ， ， （ vs the categories of occupational hazard factors from high to low was physical factors dust and chemical factors 78.9% 52.8% vs ，P ） （ ）， ， 25.0% <0.01 . The exposure rate from high to low was metallurgy and building materials industry 60.8% machinery （ ）， ， equipment and electrical equipment manufacturing industry 42.9% light industry textile and tobacco processing industry （ ）， ， （ ）（P ） 32.0% chemical petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry 21.0% <0.01 . Noise exposure accounted for 98.3% in the workers exposed to physical factors. The implementation rate of prevention and control measures for occupational hazards ， in enterprises from high to low was the staffing of occupational health management personnel the establishment of ， ， occupational health management institutions the establishment of occupational health management systems the detection ， ， of occupational hazards the evaluation of the control effect of occupational hazards of construction projects and the - （ vs vs vs vs vs ，P ） pre evaluation of occupational hazards of construction projects 32.5% 25.7% 23.7% 16.2% 6.9% 4.2% <0.01 . Conclusion The focus of prevention and control of occupational hazards in manufacturing industry in Jiangxi Province is noise ， - and dust in small and micro metallurgy and building materials industry. Most of the micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises have not carried out the detection of occupational hazards and evaluation of occupational hazards in accordance with the law. The situation of occupational disease prevention and control is still challenging.
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Objective: To investigate and monitor the occupational hazards in the Teaching and Research Laboratory (hereinafter referred to as the place) of a university, so as to provide basis for the occupational health work in the university. Methods: November 2014, 46 places in a university were selected by stratified random sampling, and the occupational health risk factors were investigated. Results: Indoor temperature, humidity, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were detected in 21 sites, xylene and hydrofluoric acid were detected in 6 sites, and colony count was detected in 18 sites, the power frequency electric field intensity was measured in 23 places, and the x-ray radiation dose was measured in 4 places. Noise was measured at 21 sites, with 7 sites exceeding the standards accounting for 33.3% (7/21) ; 21 sites were detected for illumination and 10 sites for nonconformity accounting for 47.6% (10/21) ; 10 sites for Microwave Radiation and 3 sites exceeding the standards accounting for 30% (3/10) ; and 25 sites were detected for outdoor air volume and air velocity, the percentage of unqualified was 72% (18/25) in 18 sites, among which the wind velocity was statistically significant in teaching, research and experimental sites (P=0.010) . Conclusion: The occupational hazards in the teaching and research places of a university should be paid attention to, and the engineering protection and personal protection should be strengthened in the experiment.
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Humans , Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Humidity , Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Objective To study the applicability of two different occupational health risk assessment methods for noise positions in a beer manufacturing enterprise. Methods An occupational health investigation along with the detection of occupational hazard factors were carried out in the workplace of a beer manufacturing enterprise in Wuhan. Workers with 8-hour working day equivalent sound level (LEX,8 h) ≥ 80 dB (A) were selected as research subjects. The “Guidelines for Noise Occupational Disease Risk Management” method and occupational hazard risk index method were used to assess the risk of noise jobs in the beer manufacturing company. The assessment results of the two methods were compared. Results The noise exposure level of the enterprise was between 81.2 and 91.2dB(A). The guideline method predicted that the risk of high-frequency hearing loss and noise deafness for wine bottling workers and labelers on the bottling production line was high after 35 years exposure to noise. Washing，inspection and boxing on the bottling production line and bottling up on the canning production line were at medium risk, and others were at low risk. The evaluation results of the occupational hazard risk index method showed that the bottlers, bottling workers, wine inspectors, labelers and boxers on the bottling production line were at medium risk, and other positions were at low risk. Conclusion The occupational hazard risk index method is more comprehensive to consider all the factors of health risk, and the evaluation results are close to the “Guidelines for Noise Occupational Disease Risk Management” method. The guideline method can quantitatively predict the risk of high-frequency hearing loss and noise deafness, and the risk of hearing loss increases with the extension of years of noise exposure.
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Las medidas de Bioseguridad son un conjunto de normas preventivas que debe aplicar el personal de salud y de enfermería para evitar el contagio por la exposición de agentes infecciosos, sean físicos, químicos o biológicos. Objetivo: Determinar el manejo de las medidas de bioseguridad del personal de enfermería del servicio de emergencia del Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. Fundamentándose en la gran problemática del manejo de los riesgos biológicos en el personal sanitario, que con frecuencia omite aplicar normas de seguridad, lo que aumenta el riesgo de contraer una enfermedad infectocontagiosa de tipo laboral. Materiales y métodos: La metodología empleada fue diseño descriptivo, con corte transversal, Cuali-cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se la realizó mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios pre estructurado, los cuales ayudaron a establecer el nivel de conocimientos y manejo de las medidas de bioseguridad por parte del personal. La muestra la conformaron 90 enfermeras y enfermeros que laboran en el área de emergencia. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que el nivel de conocimiento del personal de enfermería es alto o adecuado con un porcentaje promedio de 77,67%, por ende, el 22,33% del personal desconoce estas medidas preventivas o tiene conocimiento deficiente. Con respecto a la aplicación de las medidas de bioseguridad se obtuvo un porcentaje general de 47%, es decir se considera la aplicación de estas normas por parte del personal deficiente e insuficiente. Conclusión: Se menciona que hay riesgos en el área de emergencia, prevaleciendo entre ellos el biológico de acuerdo a la opinión del personal encuestado, por otra parte, se determinó un conocimiento eficiente de las medidas de bioseguridad, pero su aplicación en relación al conocimiento es deficiente, situación que incrementa el riesgo laboral(AU)
Biosafety measures are a set of preventive rules to be applied by health and nursing personnel to avoid contagion by exposure to infectious agents, whether physical, chemical or biological. Objective: To determine the management biosecurity measures of the nursing staff of the emergency service of the Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. Based on the great problem of the management of biological risks in health personnel, who often fail to apply safety standards, which increases the risk of contracting an occupational infectious-contagious disease. Materials and methods: The methodology used was a descriptive, cross-sectional, qualitative-quantitative design. Data collection was carried out through the application of pre-structured questionnaires, which helped to establish the level of knowledge and management biosafety measures by the personnel. The sample consisted of 90 nurses working in the emergency area. The results: The results revealed that the level of knowledge of the nursing personnel is high or adequate with an average percentage of 77.67%; therefore, 22.33% of the personnel are unaware of these preventive measures or have deficient knowledge. With respect to the application biosecurity measures, an overall percentage of 47% was obtained, i.e. the application of these norms by of personnel is considered deficient and insufficient. Conclusion: It is mentioned that there are risks in the emergency area, prevailing among them the biological risk, according to the opinion of the personnel surveyed. On the other hand, an efficient knowledge of the biosecurity measures was determined, but their application in relation to the knowledge is deficient, a situation that increases the occupational risk(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Containment of Biohazards , Emergency Service, Hospital , Nursing Staff , Occupational Risks , Hazardous Substances , Health PersonnelABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hazardous status of respiratory dust in coal mining enterprises. METHODS: A total of 20 coal mining enterprises in a mining group were selected as the research subjects using a cluster random sampling method. Respiratory dust in the workplace was detected, and the incidence of pneumoconiosis was investigated. RESULTS: The dust types in the workplace of these 20 coal mining enterprises were mainly coal dust and silica dust. The posts with serious coal dust hazard were coal mining and tunneling posts. The M(P_0-P_(100)) of the exposure concentration of time weighted average(C_(TWA)) were 2.38(0.19-14.21) and 2.73(0.49-9.57) mg/m~3. The over-standard rate was 49.2% and 50.0%, respectively, that was higher than the post of gangue selection(all P<0.05 or all P<0.017). The results of short time exposure concentration of short term(C_(STE)) and the over-standard rate were higher in the coal mining and tunneling posts than those of gangue selection and boiler room post(all P<0.05 or all P<0.008). The most serious post with silica dust hazard was the tunneling post, and the M(P_0-P_(100))of C_(TWA) was 1.30(0.38-8.50) mg/m~3, and the over-standard rate was 85.7%. The detection results and over-standard rate of C_(STEL) were higher in the coal mining and tunneling posts than that of boiler room post(all P<0.01). The coal dust over-standard rate of C_(TWA) in workplaces of coal mining enterprises increased from 2015 to 2018(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the over-standard rate of silica dust C_(TWA) in different years(P>0.05). From 2015 to 2018, the incidence of pneumoconiosis was 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.3% respectively, and the patients were all from coal mining and tunneling posts. CONCLUSION: The supervision, management and treatment of respiratory dust hazard in coal mining and tunneling posts should be strengthened to protect the health of workers.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occupational hazard factors and their critical control points in the process of construction of a large-scale construction project.METHODS: The engineering analysis, worksite survey occupational health and occupational hazard factor testing were conducted in a large-scale construction project, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: During the process of construction of this large-scale construction project, there were many occupational hazard factors such as silicon dust, welding smoke, wood and other dusts, inorganic compounds of manganese, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, ozone, noise, high temperature, hand-transmitted vibration and ultraviolet irradiation, among them, silicon dust and noise were the most common ones. The over standard rates of exposure concentration of short term of total dust and respirable dust in the workplace were 68.2%(15/22) and 40.9%(9/22), and the over standard rates of exposure concentration of time weighted average were 54.5%(12/22) and 13.6%(3/22), respectively. The over standard rates of the noise intensity of area sampling and personal sampling in workplace were 69.2%(45/65) and 61.0%(25/41) respectively. The four hours energy equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration to vibration of three hand-transmitted vibration positions has been detected, and the result has surpassed the occupational exposure limit.The results of other occupational hazard factors such as high temperature, ultraviolet radiation, wood dust, welding smoke, other dust, manganese inorganic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide and ozone all met the occupational exposure limits. CONCLUSION: There are various occupational hazard factors in the process of construction of this large-scale construction project, among them, noise, dust and hand-transmitted vibration are the most prominent hazards.These hazards are the critical control points of this type of construction projects.
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Background: Laboratory workers are exposed to a variety of potential occupational health hazards including infectious materials and cultures, toxic and flammable chemicals, as well as electrical hazard. It is important for laboratory workers to be aware of the potential hazards and ensure safety in practices. Carelessness, negligence, and unsafe practices may result in serious injuries not only to the individual but also coworkers and patients as well. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of laboratory safety precautions among technicians working in clinical microbiology laboratory. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study on KAP of laboratory safety precautions among technicians. A close-ended structured questionnaire was canvassed to the technicians and responses were analyzed. Results: A total of 30 laboratory workers participated in the study. The overall correct responses regarding knowledge of laboratory safety precautions were 74% (673/900) and practices of the same were 79% (427/540). Few (10/30) perceived biomedical waste management as a burden and some (9/30) felt that too much of effort is required to follow optimal hand hygiene. Conclusion: Training and retraining on laboratory safety precautions are required along with counseling to induce a positive attitudinal change.
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ANTECEDENTES: Un número creciente de artículos está llamando la atención en forma consistente sobre la eventual asociación que existe entre los denominados trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos a bajos niveles de radiación ionizante (POEs) y una mayor frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas, a nivel Sudamericano estos estudios son escasos. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas en linfocitos de sangre periférica de POEs de un hospital y de sujetos sanos. Adicionalmente, se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de los artículos que a la fecha abordaron este tema. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se condujo un análisis citogenético destinado a cuantificar las aberraciones cromosómicas en sangre periférica de linfocitos de 6 POEs de la unidad de Cardiología Intervencional y, como controles, 6 muestras de sujetos de la población general fueron analizadas. RESULTADOS: Se observó un importante contraste en el número de aberraciones cromosómicas presentadas en los POEs versus la población general no expuesta a radiaciones ionizantes, siendo esta de una relación de 6:1, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados preliminares indican una mayor frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas en los POEs versus la población general, sin embargo, se deberá esperar los resultados de la segunda fase de investigación, donde al ampliar la muestra en análisis se podrán obtener conclusiones estadísticamente significativas.
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of an increased number of chromosomes aberrations in subjects exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation (POEs). There are few studies on this subject in Latin America AIM: To evaluate the frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood in subjects working in laboratories where low levels of ionizing radiation are present and to compare these findings to those of unexposed subjects. METHODS: A cytogenic analysis to quantify chromosome aberrations was performed in 6 POs subjects from a cardiology invasive laboratory and 6 controls from a general unexposed population. RESULTS: Compared to controls, an approximately 6-fold increase in the number of chromosome aberrations was observed.in subjects exposed to ionizing radiation CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate that there is an increased number of chromosome aberrations in subjects exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation, as occurs in people working in a cardiology interventional laboratory. Studies in large numbers of subjects and preferably followed prospectively are needed to evaluate more precisely this effect.
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Humans , Male , Female , Personnel, Hospital , Radiation, Ionizing , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Cardiology Service, Hospital , Radiation Dosage , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Chile , Pilot Projects , Occupational Exposure , Chromosome Aberrations/statistics & numerical data , Chromosomes, Human/radiation effects , Cytogenetic AnalysisABSTRACT
Needle Stick Injuries caused by hypodermic needles, intravenous stylets or other sharps are an occupational hazard as these can lead to transmission of bloodborne pathogens. This study was conducted to understand the pattern of Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) in our hospital settings.METHODSAn observational retrospective study was conducted in a 600 bedded Tertiary Care Hospital in Kishanganj, Bihar. A total of 87 NSIs were encountered during the study period from April 2018 to March 2019 using NACO guidelines. Data was entered into a computer-based spreadsheet for analysis using SPSS statistical software, version 19. The statistical tests applied included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to observe the association, if any.RESULTSDirect HCWs like Nursing Professionals and Doctors sustained more NSIs. Staff with >2 years of experience sustained less NSIs. Staff who received training on awareness and prevention of NSIs within the last 6 months sustained less NSIs. Introduction of engineered safety devices brought about an overall reduction in the NSI rate per 100 occupied beds from 7.83% to 6.67%, a reduction by 14.81%. This reduction in NSI rate was statistically significant (p value=0.003).CONCLUSIONSThere is a definite role of experienced staff and frequent trainings in reducing NSIs. This study brought out another very significant observation not reviewed previously in Indian settings, the use of engineered safety devices in bringing down NSIs. Certain policy recommendations at the National Level to strengthen monitoring and surveillance to safeguard HCWs from occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens is also felt.
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Objective@#To get a general information about the occupational hazards status of nursing students between China and Sweden, to provide effective basis for reducing occupational exposure rate.@*Methods@#Questionnaire survey. Design and develop an occupational hazards questionnaire and translate the questionnaire into Swedish.@*Results@#The correct rate of occupational hazard in Chinese nursing students including mechanical, chemical, biological and physical hazards was 94.4% (1 024/1 085) and 89.8% (557/620), respectively. 81.6% (1 898/2 325), 90.7% (703/775), both higher than Swedish nursing students 58.4% (756/1295), 48.8% (361/740), 60.2% (1 671/2 775) 86.7% (802/925), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =259.196-1 259.183, P<0.05). Only "operating posture is not standard will lead to the occurrence of low back pain" "Women need to wear gloves when intravenously injecting patients" "Women need to wear gloves when changing medicines for patients" "Women need to wear gloves when drawing blood for patients" 4 questions correct answer rate Sweden Nursing students were higher than Chinese nursing students (χ2=11.738-16.990, P<0.01), and the remaining questions of Chinese nursing students were higher than Swedish nursing students (χ2=11.738-45.464, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Nursing students in China and Sweden generally have the awareness of occupational hazard cognition, and Chinese nursing students have a better grasp of the knowledge of occupational hazard cognition, but there are still weak links, which need to be improved from the aspect of education, managers should also consider reducing the occupational exposure of nursing students and even nurses from the management level, improve the employment quality of nursing students and nurses.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors of occupational stress from occupational hazards in employees of a power grid enterprise. METHODS: A total of 972 employees from 3 substations and 1 power dispatch center of a power grid enterprise were selected as research subjects by the cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire was used to evaluate the occupational stress using the job demand control(JDC) model. The influence of occupational hazards on occupational stress was analyzed. RESULTS: The median, the 25 th and 75 th percentile scores [M(P_(25), P_(75))] of the 972 research subjects on job demand, job control, and social support dimensions of JDC model occupational stress were 14(12, 15), 25(23, 26), 24(23, 24), respectively. The M(P_(25), P_(75)) of the demand/control(D/C) ratio was 0.99(0.89, 1.13). The incidence of occupational stress was 48.4%(470/972) by the JDC model. The job demand dimension scores, D/C ratios, and incidence of occupational stress by JDC model were higher in employees exposed to electromagnetic radiation, high temperature, high altitude, and visual display terminal(VDT) than in those employees not exposed to the above factors(all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of occupational stress increased in those employees exposed to high temperature, high altitude and VDT(all P<0.05) after excluding the influence of confounding factors such as age, length of service, monthly income and exercise. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were 1.91(1.43-2.54) and 1.67(1.26-2.21), respectively. CONCLUSION: The level of occupational stress among employees in power grid enterprise is relatively high by JDC model. High-temperature, high-altitude and VDT operation are the main risk factors of occupational stress by JDC model.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to document injuries caused by fish among professional fishermen in the Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: We undertook a descriptive, retrospective study, involving 51 professional fishermen, to determine clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of their injuries. RESULTS: Among 51 fishermen interviewed, most injuries were due to mandi (Pimelodus spp.), and the hands were the most injured region, resulting in pain and bleeding in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings confirm the morbidity of fish-related injuries, and reaffirm the need for relevant information regarding prevention and injury management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Fish Venoms/poisoning , Fisheries/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Interviews as Topic , Retrospective Studies , Middle AgedABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Ornithonyssus sylviarum is a hematophagous mite present in wild, domestic, and synanthropic birds. However, this mite can affect several vertebrate hosts, including humans, leading to dermatitis, pruritus, allergic reactions, and papular skin lesions. This study evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of O. sylviarum attacks on poultry workers, including data on laying hens, infrastructure and management of hen houses, and reports of attacks by hematophagous mites. In addition, a case of mite attack on a farm worker on a laying farm in the Midwest region in Minas Gerais is presented. It was found that 60.7% farm workers reported attacks by hematophagous mites. Correspondence analysis showed an association between reports of mite attacks in humans with (1) presence of O. sylviarum in the hen house, (2) manual removal of manure by employees, and (3) history of acaricide use. The specimens collected from the location were confirmatively identified as O. sylviarum. O. sylviarum attacks ave not been reported when manure was removed in a shorter time interval and did not use acaricide in the sheds when the removal was done by manure conveyor belt. Parasitism by O. sylviarum should be considered a relevant occupational hazard affecting employees working in direct contact with commercial egg-laying hens in Minas Gerais. We emphasized the need to monitor hen infestations by this mite to improve the development of mite control strategies.
RESUMO: Ornithonyssus sylviarum é um ácaro hematófago de aves silvestres, domésticas e sinantrópicas. No entanto, este ácaro pode afetar vários hospedeiros vertebrados, incluindo humanos, levando a dermatites, prurido, reações alérgicas e lesões cutâneas papulosas. O presente estudo avaliou os aspectos epidemiológicos do ataque de O. sylviarum em trabalhadores de granjas avícolas e descreveu um relato de caso em uma granja de postura. Este estudo utilizou um banco de dados secundário com informações sobre as poedeiras, infraestrutura e manejo dos galinheiros e relatos de ataques por ácaros hematófagos. Foi apresentado um caso de ataque de ácaro a um trabalhador rural no Centro-Oeste em Minas Gerais. Houve uma frequência de 60,7% de trabalhadores que relataram ter sido atacados por ácaros hematófagos em fazendas. A análise de correspondência mostrou uma associação entre relatos de ataques de ácaros em humanos com (1) presença de O. sylviarum na fazenda, (2) remoção manual de esterco por funcionários da fazenda e (3) histórico de uso de acaricidas. Os espécimes coletados do local foram identificados como O. sylviarum. Não há ataques de O. sylviarum, quando a remoçãodo esterco é feita em menor intervalo de tempo, e não se utiliza acaricida nos galpões quando a remoção é feita por esteira transportadora de esterco. Conclui-se que o parasitismo por O. Sylviarum deve ser considerado como um risco ocupacional relevante, que afeta trabalhadores que trabalham diretamente com poedeiras comerciais em Minas Gerais. Ressaltamos a necessidade de monitorar as infestações de aves por esse ácaro, a fim de melhorar o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle.